Amatoxin
Amatoxin powder
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Amatoxin (C₃₉H₅₄N₁₀O₁₄) is a cyclic octapeptide, the main toxin of the death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides), as well as mushrooms Amanita virosa, Galerina marginata and Lepiota. Has no medical or industrial applications. Used in laboratory settings to study RNA polymerase II inhibition and transcription processes. It is an extremely potent hepatotoxin that blocks protein synthesis in liver cells.
Specifications
| Chemical formula | C₃₉H₅₄N₁₀O₁₄ |
|---|---|
| Name | Amatoxin |
| Purpose | Fatal |
| Class | Hepatotoxin, cyclic octapeptide |
| Source | Death cap mushroom (Amanita phalloides), Amanita virosa, Galerina marginata, Lepiota |
| Active ingredient | Amatoxin |
| Form | Powder |
| Composition | Amatoxin, flavoring |
| Human weight | up to 160 kg |
| Country of manufacture | USA |
| Weight | 1 g |
| Laboratory use | Study of RNA polymerase II inhibition and transcription processes |
| Lethal dose | 0.1 mg/kg (5-7 mg pure toxin for humans) |
| Time to death | 7-10 days after poisoning; severe cases: 3-5 days |
| Mechanism of action | Blocks RNA polymerase II in liver cells, stopping protein synthesis, causing hepatocyte necrosis and acute liver failure. Resistant to heat and acids. |
| Poisoning stages | 1. Latent period (6-24 h) - no symptoms 2. Gastrointestinal stage (1-2 days): vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea (up to 30 times daily), dehydration 3. False improvement (2-3 days): symptoms subside, liver destruction begins 4. Hepatic stage (3-7 days): jaundice, convulsions, hypoglycemia, bleeding, hallucinations, coma |
| Toxicity | Extremely potent hepatotoxin. High toxicity when ingested. Lethal dose of poison is contained in one death cap mushroom. Fatal outcome is associated with acute liver and kidney failure. |
| Shelf life and storage conditions | Store in tightly sealed gripper. Avoid moisture and light. Shelf life - up to 3 years. |
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