Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin powder
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Tetrodotoxin (C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈) is an alkaloid neurotoxin found in liver, skin, ovaries, and intestines of poisonous fugu fish (Takifugu rubripes), pufferfish, and some octopus and mollusk species. Commonly known as 'fugu fish poison'. Studied in medicine as potential analgesic for chronic pain. One of the most potent natural neurotoxins, 100 times more toxic than cyanide.
Specifications
| Chemical formula | C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈ |
|---|---|
| Name | Tetrodotoxin |
| Purpose | Fatal |
| Class | Alkaloid neurotoxin |
| Source | Fugu fish (Takifugu rubripes), pufferfish, some octopuses and mollusks |
| Common name | Fugu fish poison |
| Active ingredient | Tetrodotoxin |
| Form | Powder |
| Composition | Tetrodotoxin, flavoring, retardant |
| Human weight | up to 120 kg |
| Country of manufacture | USA |
| Weight | 3.5 g |
| Medical research | Potential analgesic for chronic pain, sodium channel blocker in neurons |
| Mechanism of action | Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to paralysis of nervous and respiratory systems without impairing consciousness. Does not destroy tissue structures and does not cause convulsions. |
| Lethal dose | 1-2 mg for adult human; 0.5 mg orally can already be lethal. Toxin not destroyed by heating and has no taste or odor. |
| Time to death | Symptoms: 10-30 minutes after ingestion; death: 1-6 hours |
| Comparative toxicity | 100 times more toxic than cyanide. One of the most potent natural neurotoxins. |
| Poisoning symptoms | • Numbness of lips, tongue, face, sensation of 'crawling ants' • Severe weakness, dizziness • Impaired speech and coordination • Progressive paralysis of limbs and respiratory muscles • Drop in blood pressure, bradycardia • Complete body paralysis while conscious • Death from asphyxia without pain or convulsions |
| Toxicity | Lethally dangerous even in minimal doses. Toxin is absorbed through mucous membranes and skin. |
| Shelf life and storage conditions | Store in tightly sealed gripper, away from heat and light sources. Avoid skin contact - toxin is absorbed through mucous membranes. Shelf life - up to 2 years. |
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