Strychnine
Strychnine powder in glass vial
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Strychnine (C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₂) is an alkaloid found in nux vomica seeds (Strychnos nux-vomica). White crystalline powder with bitter taste. Previously used in medicine in small doses as a tonic and respiratory stimulant, as well as in veterinary medicine and as rat poison. Currently prohibited due to extreme toxicity and lack of safe therapeutic range. It is an extremely potent nerve poison.
Specifications
| Chemical formula | C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₂ |
|---|---|
| Name | Strychnine |
| Purpose | Fatal |
| Class | Alkaloid, nerve poison |
| Source | Nux vomica seeds (Strychnos nux-vomica) |
| Active ingredient | Strychnine |
| Form | Powder in glass vial |
| Composition | Strychnine, flavorings, antiemetic blocker |
| Organoleptic properties | White crystalline powder with bitter taste, odorless |
| Human weight | up to 160 kg |
| Historical use | Medicine (tonic, respiratory stimulant), veterinary medicine, rat poison (now prohibited) |
| Country of manufacture | USA |
| Weight | 50 g |
| Mechanism of action | Blocks glycine neurotransmitter action in spinal cord, causing uncontrolled excitation of motor neurons. Result - convulsions, respiratory muscle spasms, asphyxia. Death occurs with full consciousness preserved. |
| Lethal dose | Oral: 1-2 mg/kg body weight (20-30 mg for adult); for child: 5-10 mg can be fatal |
| Time to death | Symptoms: 10-30 minutes after ingestion; death: 1-3 hours in severe poisoning |
| Poisoning symptoms | • Anxiety, convulsions, hypersensitivity to light and sound • Rigid spasms throughout body, arching of back (opisthotonus) • Difficulty breathing, facial cyanosis • Spasm of masticatory muscles, inability to open mouth • No loss of consciousness - person remains aware • Death from asphyxia due to respiratory arrest |
| Toxicity | Extremely potent nerve poison. Prohibited due to extreme toxicity and lack of safe therapeutic range. |
| Shelf life and storage conditions | Store in airtight dark glass containers, in dry, cool, light-protected place under lock. Shelf life - no more than 2 years. |
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